Q. Is there a source that brings together all (or much of) the early Christian writers arranged by scripture verse?

An online source is: Biblindex- an "Index of Biblical Quotations and Allusions in Early Christian Literature"  It is free to use online by setting up a personal account.

An English language print source is the "Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture" series published by InterVarsity Press.  The multi-volume set covers every book of the Bible with commentary by ancient scholars, Church Fathers, etc.